Alfonso XIII of Bourbon was born in Madrid in 1886, the posthumous son of Alfonso XII and Maria Cristina of Habsburg-Lorraine, who served as regent until he assumed the throne in 1902 when he turned 16.
His reign was marked by political instability, the loss of the last Spanish colonies in 1898, wars in Morocco, the rise of nationalism and social unrest, as well as his support for Primo de Rivera's dictatorship in 1923.
Married to Victoria Eugenia of Battenberg, he had six children and suffered several assassination attempts throughout his life. Growing opposition to the monarchy culminated in the municipal elections of 1931, after which Alfonso XIII left Spain and went into exile in Rome, where he died in 1941.
