Philip V of Bourbon, known as "the Bold," was the first monarch of the House of Bourbon in Spain and reigned twice, from 1700 to 1724 and from 1724 to 1746. He was the sovereign who occupied the Spanish throne for the longest period, with a reign of 46 years.

Born in Versailles in 1683, he was the grandson of Louis XIV of France and acceded to the throne after the death without issue of Charles II, the last of the Habsburgs, which triggered the War of the Spanish Succession. His reign brought about a profound political and administrative transformation: he abolished the privileges of the Crown of Aragon, centralized power, and laid the foundations for the modern Spanish state. Under his rule, Spain lost much of its European empire but experienced an economic recovery and cultural modernization, bringing the country closer to European trends.

Philip V suffered from severe psychological disorders, probably bipolar disorder, which marked both his personal life and his reign. He was especially dependent on his second wife, Isabella Farnese, during the final stages of his reign. He died in 1746, leaving behind a complex legacy and a renewed monarchy, though not without controversy.